Funding for US-Russian nuclear cooperation came initially from
the US Department of Defense and had in the early years to be re-programmed from within
the existing defense budget with several conditions attached:
a. Funding had to be approved by four congressional committees.
b. When possible, funds were to be used for purchase of US technology and know-how.
c. Annual certification that recipient countries were committed to nuclear dismantlement,
verification and arms control agreements; not spending too much on military modernization;
and observing human rights, including protection of minorities.
Under the Clinton administration nuclear security cooperation with
the former Soviet Union received a higher priority in national security thinking and
Cooperative Threat Reduction was given its own place in the defense budget. As the
programs expanded and multiplied funding was spread to other US agencies.
US-Russian nuclear cooperation has over the years attracted
increased involvement by the nuclear energy industry (in both countries), who has
meanwhile become an important player and driving force behind a number of collaborate
nuclear research programs and commercial nuclear fuel ventures funded by the Department of
Energy and the State Department.
As of 2001, the costs for US nonproliferation assistance to the Newly Independent States
have been estimated to around $5.5 billion. Below are links to official budget
documentation and detailed comparative tables according to sponsoring department with the
US government.
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Recent Analysis |
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US Department of defense (DOD) |
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The US department of Defense currently funds the following nuclear security programs
related to Russia under CTR. They are administered by the Defense Threat Reduction
Agency (DTRA):
- Strategic Offensive Arms Elimination (SOAE)
- Nuclear Weapons Protection Control & Accounting (WPC&A)
- Mayak Fissile Material Storage Facility Construction
Official budget and budget justification documents
Other US government reports
The US department of Energy currently funds the following nuclear security programs
related to Russia. They are administered by Office of Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation of
the DOE National Nuclear Security
Administration:
- International Nuclear Materials Protection and Protection (former MPC&A)
- Russian Transition Initiatives
- HEU Transparency Implementation
- Elimination of Weapons-Grade Plutonium Production
- Fissile Material Disposition
Program Title |
FY 2001 Current Approp. |
FY 2001 Comparable Approp. |
FY 2002 Current Approp. |
FY 2002 Comparable Approp. |
FY 2003 Request to Congress |
International nuclear materials protection
and cooperation |
169,707 |
170,452 |
293,000 |
291,900 |
233,077 |
Russian transition initiatives (IIP and NCI) |
|
50,759 |
57,000 |
57,000 |
39,334 |
HEU transparency implementation |
14,592 |
14,592 |
13,950 |
13,950 |
17,229 |
International nuclear safety |
19,401 |
20,581 |
20,000 |
21,100 |
14,576 |
Soviet design reactor safety program |
46,500 |
46,500 |
|
|
|
Elimination of weapons-grade
plutonium production program |
|
|
|
|
49,339 |
Fissile materials disposition |
|
US surplus materials disposition |
116,863 |
116,863 |
135,089 |
135,089 |
194,000 |
Russian surplus materials disposition |
39,507 |
39,507 |
61,000 |
61,000 |
98,000 |
Construction at Savannah River, SC, USA
|
(HEU) blend down |
20,886 |
20,886 |
29,340 |
29,340 |
30,000 |
Immobilization and associated processing facility |
2,993 |
2,993 |
|
|
|
Pit disassembly and conversion facility |
19,956 |
19,956 |
11,000 |
11,000 |
33,000 |
Mixed oxide fuel fabrication facility |
25,943 |
25,943 |
65,993 |
65,993 |
93,000 |
|
Total construction |
69,778 |
69,778 |
106,333 |
106,333 |
156,000 |
Total, fissile materials
disposition |
226,148 |
226,148 |
302,422 |
302,422 |
448,000 |
TOTAL, NONPROLIFERATION
PROGRAMS
WITH RUSSIA |
476,348 |
529,032 |
686,372 |
686,372 |
801,555 |
Source:
http://www.mbe.doe.gov/budget/03budget/content/appstat.pdf
For more DOE funding documents see DOE Office of Budget
Official budget and budget justification documents
- FY 2003
- FY 2002
- FY 2001
- FY 2000
- FY 1999
- FY 1998
- FY 1997
- FY 1996
Other US government reports
The Department of State currently funds the following programs related
to Russia. They are administered through the Bureau of Nonproliferation:
- Export Control and Border Security Assistance
- Science and Technology Center Program
All State Department nonproliferation programs are funded out of Foreign Operations
appropriations. In past years many of these programs were funded in whole or part from the
Freedom Support
Act account. Supplemental funding for other cooperation programs is also usually
sought through the Nonproliferation and
Disarmament Fund (NDF). For State Department budget documents, see Bureau of Resource Management.
Other US government reports
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